Correctly describe the types of movements at a given articulation.Differentiate between classifications of articulations.Irradiation prevents the fatal transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, which occurs in patients who are severely immunosuppressed or who are closely related to the blood product donors.\)Īt the end of this lab, you will be able to….Irradiated PRBCs (radiation incapacitates donor WBCs).Should be requested for pre-transplant patients and patients who previously experienced febrile non-hemolytic reactions.Most of the blood in USA is leukoreduced.Leukoreduced (PRBCs are run through a filter to reduce the total WBC burden).Certain patients will require these specialized preparations when a transfusion is required. There is more than the standard preparations of plasma, platelets, and PRBCs in the blood bank. Observational studies have demonstrated that providers ventilate too fast during code so the use of a metronome or timing light provides critical feedback. The less you ventilate the less time the patient spends with positive ITP. Slow: Ventilate patients at 8-10 breaths per minute.Using two-hands provides ~ 900-1,000cc per squeeze (more than we normally ventilate patients who have a pulse). Low: Use only one-hand while bagging, this will give the patient 500-600cc per breath.So our goal for ventilations during cardiac arrest should be to minimize the intra-thoracic pressure (ITP) we can do this by remembering to ventilate " low (tidal volumes) and slow (respiratory rates)" PPV also increases intracranial pressure by reducing venous return from the brain. However, during CPR we administer positive pressure ventilation (PPV), which increase intra-thoracic pressure thus reducing venous return to the RV, decreasing cardiac output, and coronary filling. The right ventricle (RV) fills secondary to the negative pressure created during spontaneously breathing. But how much attention do you give to the ventilations administered? There are so many variables to monitor during CPR speed and depth of compressions, rhythm analysis, etc. Further validation is required to determine the degree of benefit to adding VTI to the RUSH exam, however measuring VTI is a skill that can be done with relatively little training and is clinically helpful.The assumption is that the LVOT is constant and doesn't change in most circumstances a change of VTI that is greater than 15% suggests that the patient is VR The authors claim that VR can further be simplified by not measuring the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and only comparing changes in the velocity-time integral (VTI). Click here for a video on how to calculate the stroke volume (skip to 21:30 in the video)
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